33^rd Neonatology and Primary Care Congress

Neonatal hypertension defines as systolic BP more than 95% for infants of similar size, gestational age and postnatal age.[5] The incidence of neonatal hypertension ranges from 0.2% to 3% and is more common in the term or preterm neonates who are admitted in the neonatal intensive care units or undergo umbilical catheterization.

If your child has problems with growth, puberty, diabetes, or other disorders related to the hormones and the glands that produce them, a pediatric endocrinologist may treat your child. Hormones are chemicals that affect how other parts of the body work. For example, hormones decide how a child grows and matures. Endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, release hormones into the bloodstream. Endocrinology is the science that studies these glands and the effects of the hormones.

Problems seen by pediatric endocrinologists are often quite different from those commonly seen by endocrinologists who care for adults. Special training in pediatric conditions as they relate to growth and development is important. Hormonal problems are often present for life. Pediatric endocrinologists deal with hormone disorders at all stages of childhood and the teen years.

Neonatal dermatomes by definition encompass the spectrum of cutaneous disorders that arise during the 1st 4 weeks of life. The appreciation of normal phenomena and their differentiation from the more significant cutaneous disorders of the newborn is critical for the dermatologists and pediatricians.

Neonatal hematology is a fast-growing field, and the majority of sick neonates will develop hematological problems. This is an essential guide to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hematologic problems in the neonate.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. Some people with ASD have a known difference, such as a genetic condition. Other causes are not yet known. Scientists believe there are multiple causes of ASD that act together to change the most common ways people develop. We still have much to learn about these causes and how they impact people with ASD.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. Some people with ASD have a known difference, such as a genetic condition. Other causes are not yet known. Scientists believe there are multiple causes of ASD that act together to change the most common ways people develop. We still have much to learn about these causes and how they impact people with ASD.

Infant nutrition is the description of the dietary needs of infants. A diet lacking essential calories, minerals, vitamins, or fluids is considered inadequate. Breast milk provides the best nutrition for these vital first months of growth when compared to infant formula. For example, breastfeeding aids in preventing anemia, obesity, and sudden infant death syndrome; and it promotes digestive health, immunity, intelligence, and dental development. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusively feeding an infant breast milk, or iron-fortified formula, for the first six months of life and continuing for one year or longer as desired by infant and mother. Infants are usually not introduced to solid foods until four to six months of age.[1] Historically, breastfeeding infants was the only option for nutrition otherwise the infant would perish. Breastfeeding is rarely contraindicated, but is not recommended for mothers being treated for cancer, those with active tuberculosis, HIV, substance abuse, or leukaemia.[2] Clinicians can be consulted to determine what the best source of infant nutrition is for each baby.

A food allergy is an abnormal response of the body to a certain food. It is important to know that this is different than a food intolerance, which does not affect the immune system, although some of the same symptoms may be present.

Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way of protecting you against harmful diseases, before you come into contact with them. It uses your body's natural defenses to build resistance to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger.

It is very important to understand that the newborn's brain is very different to the child or adult brain. Neonatal neurology and neurocritical care is dedicated to the developmental progress of these critically ill new-born’s including brain injury prevention and management. Neonatal neurologists monitor, examine and treat new-borns in the NICU and beyond. Practices within this dedicated field have developed a lot in the past couple decades due to research and technological developments. This section will cover how to identify the infant who needs neuro support as well as intraventricular hemorrage (IVH), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and brain cooling, seizures and more.

Neonatal anesthesia requires a unique knowledge of neonatal physiology, which is different from older infants, children, or adults. Oftentimes, health professionals have limited experience caring for neonates, and neonatal anesthesia can be stressful for these practitioners. This activity reviews the physiology and background information necessary to perform safe neonatal anesthesia and describes some methods to improve interprofessional team management of those undergoing anesthesia.

Background: Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are rare multifactorial diseases of the heart muscle. Neonatal forms present as a myocardial injury in the absence of primary valvular, great vessels or septal anomalies

A subspecialty of obstetrics concerned with the care of the fetus and complicated, high-risk pregnancies. Perinatology is also known as maternal-fetal medicine.

The human genome is often referred to as a "blueprint" and contains all of the information and instructions necessary for defining a human being. The term genome refers collectively to the DNA and associated protein molecules contained in an organism or a cell. The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes — threadlike packages of genes and other DNA — with each parent contributing one chromosome to each pair. A gene is a specific sequence of DNA and is actually the functional unit of inheritance. Most genes contain the information needed to make a protein, or molecules that carry out all of a cell's vital activities. Therefore, slight variations in genes lead to slight changes in a protein. Although some human diseases are explained by alterations in a single gene or of a single chromosome, most are complex and may involve multiple genes and protein pathways.

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It's particularly troubling because the extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems that were once considered adult problems  diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Childhood obesity can also lead to poor self-esteem and depression.One of the best strategies to reduce childhood obesity is to improve the eating and exercise habits of your entire family. Treating and preventing childhood obesity helps protect your child's health now and in the future.

A pediatric rheumatologist is a doctor who has specialized training to diagnose and treat autoimmune conditions that affect children.Some of the most common reasons your child may be referred to a pediatric rheumatologist are joint swelling and stiffness, persistent unexplained fevers, rashes, weakness, and chronic inflammation.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of diabetes that occurs within the first 6 months of life. Our bodies need insulin to help our cells make energy. Infants with this condition do not produce enough insulin, which increases blood glucose levels.

Neonatal care is the type of care a baby born premature or sick receives in a neonatal unit.Units are a part of hospitals which provide care for babies who are born prematurely (before 37 weeks’ gestation), with a medical condition which needs treatment, or at a low birth weight. The word ‘neonatal’ means newborn, or the first 28 days of life.

Neonatal surgery is performed on babies shortly after they are born. It is typically meant to treat conditions that cannot be diagnosed and/or addressed while still in the womb. It may also treat conditions that develop shortly after birth.

Neonatal cardiology is the assessment and management of full-term and premature new-borns with heart defects. The neonatal heart program at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Magee diagnoses and treats: Congenital heart disease (CHD). Heart function in very sick new-borns.